Key Factors Associated with Adherence to Physical Exercise in Patients with Chronic Diseases and Older Adults: An Umbrella Review.

Physical inactivity is a major concern and poor adherence to exercise programs is often reported. The aim of this paper was to systematically review published reviews on the study of adherence to physical exercise in chronic patients and older adults and to identify those adherence-related key factors more frequently suggested by reviews for that population. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. Results were classified considering the target population and participants' characteristics to identify the most repeated factors obtained for each condition. Fifty-five articles were finally included. Fourteen key factors were identified as relevant to increase adherence to physical exercise by at least ten reviews: (a) characteristics of the exercise program, (b) involvement of professionals from different disciplines, (c) supervision, (d) technology, (e) initial exploration of participant's characteristics, barriers, and facilitators, (f) participants education, adequate expectations and knowledge about risks and benefits, (g) enjoyment and absence of unpleasant experiences, (h) integration in daily living, (i) social support and relatedness, (j) communication and feedback, (k) available progress information and monitoring, (l) self-efficacy and competence, (m) participant's active role and (n) goal setting. Therefore, adherence to physical exercise is affected by several variables that can be controlled and modified by researchers and professionals.

Examining Body Satisfaction and Emotional-Social Intelligence among School Children: Educational Implications.

In childhood, the perception of body image is in the construction phase and emerges linked to the aesthetic ideals of society, which is well differentiated according to gender. In this way, according to people's interpretations of the environment and how to manage it emotionally, greater or lesser body satisfaction may be generated, which could have irreversible consequences for children. Therefore, our interest lies in how body image satisfaction and gender can act as modulating variables of emotional intelligence in childhood, analyzing differences in the intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, and mood dimensions of emotional intelligence, according to the degree of body image satisfaction and the child's gender. A total of 944 Primary Education students selected by multistage cluster sampling, 548 boys and 396 girls aged between 9 and 12 years from different schools in Extremadura (Spain), participated in the research. The study design was descriptive, and questionnaires to measure emotional intelligence, self-perception, and body image satisfaction were used. An analysis of descriptive statistics, a Chi-square test to measure the variance/invariance of the participants' distribution according to their satisfaction with body image and gender, and a MANOVA to determine the possible effects of satisfaction with body image as well as of gender on emotional intelligence were conducted. Regardless of gender, children who were satisfied with their body image showed higher interpersonal intelligence, greater adaptability, and better mood. With respect to gender, girls showed higher stress management than boys. Throughout Compulsory Education, it is necessary to promote campaigns imparted by specialists to prevent body image dissatisfaction, so that the benefits can reach the entire educational community (students, teachers, and parents). In this work, several possibilities are described to meet the demands of contemporary society.

Self-Concept in Childhood: The Role of Body Image and Sport Practice.

The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in satisfaction with body image depending on whether the subject practices organized sport or not, as well as the gender of the children. In addition, the study aims to examine the role of body image and the practice of organized sport on the process of building the academic, social, emotional, family and physical dimensions of self-concept in childhood. To do so, a sample of 944 pupils was used. These children were attending primary school in different centers of the Autonomous Community of Extremadura (Spain) and were between 9 and 12 years of age. The main results of the study show that three out of every four children participating in this study were not satisfied with their figure and one out of every five was very dissatisfied. The satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the figure was similar in boys and girls, although it could be appreciated that the ideal body image is partly conditioned by gender stereotypes. The children most satisfied with their body image had a greater academic and physical self-concept. The children that practiced organized sports had a greater physical and emotional self-concept. The children most dissatisfied with their body image and practiced organized sports had a lower family self-concept. All these findings are discussed with reference to previous research literature.

Adaptación y validación de un cuestionario para valorar la motivación en el contexto deportivo / Adaptação e validação de um questionário para avaliar a motivação no contexto desportivo / Adaptation and validation of a questionnaire to assess motivation in the sport context

El objetivo de este estudio era adaptar y validar al contexto deportivo el Cuestionario de Motivación en Educación Física (CMEF), basado en la Teoría de la Autodeterminación (Deci y Ryan, 1985; 2000; Ryan y Deci, 2000) y desarrollado originalmente en el ámbito educativo, para tratar de analizar la motivación intrínseca, identificada, introyectada, externa y desmotivación de los adolescentes. Para ello, participaron un total de 985 deportistas con edades comprendidas entre los 10 y 16 años (M = 14.34; DT = 2.52), de género masculino y femenino pertenecientes a 24 modalidades deportivas diferentes. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la escala con cinco factores correlacionados presentaba una adecuada validez factorial a partir de los índices de ajuste obtenidos, registró relaciones positivas entre los motivos de práctica más autodeterminados y relaciones negativas con la desmotivación, que oscilaron de entre -,21 a ,74. Además, se obtuvieron valores aceptables de consistencia interna (Ω > .70) y resultó invariante en función del género, considerando las mínimas modificaciones sufridas en ∆CFI. Asimismo, la validez discriminante de los factores resultó satisfactoria. Por tanto, este estudio aporta una nueva herramienta que permite analizar los tipos de regulación motivacional que impulsan a los adolescentes a realizar una práctica deportiva (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo era adaptar e validar no contexto desportivo o Questionário de Motivação em Educação Física (CMEF), com base na Teoria da Autodeterminação (Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) e desenvolvido originalmente para ser utilizado no âmbito educativo, para analisar a motivação intrínseca, identificada, introjetada, externa e amotivação de adolescentes. Para ele, participaram um total de 985 desportistas com idades compreendidas entre 10 e 16 anos (M = 14.34; DP = 2.52), do género masculino e feminino pertencentes a 24 diferentes modalidades desportivas. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a escala com cinco factores correlacionados apresentava uma adequada validez factorial a partir dos índices de ajuste obtidos, com relações positivas entre razões de práticas mais auto-determinada e relações negativas com amotivação, que vão desde - ,21 a ,74. Além disso, valores de consistência interna aceitáveis (Ω > .70) foram obtidos e provou gênero invariável, tendo em conta as mínimas modificações sofridas no Confirmatory Fit Index (∆CFI). Asi mismo, validade discriminante dos fatores foi satisfatória. Portanto o estudo contribuiu para uma nova ferramenta que permite analisar os tipos de regulação motivacional que impulsam os adolescentes a realizar uma prática desportiva. Palavras chave: Adolescentes, autodeterminação, desporto, escala (AU)

The aim of this study was to adapt and validate into the sport context the Motivational Questionnaire in Physical Education (CMEF), based on Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985; 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000) and developed to be used in the educative domain, to assess the intrinsic motivation, identified, introyected, external and amotivation. Thus, 985 athletes, ranging in age from 10 to 16 years old (M = 14.34; SD = 2.52), both male and female belonged to 24 different sport modalities, participated in the study. Results showed that the scale with five factors correlated had an adequate factorial validity through the fit index, with positive relationships between types of motivation more self-determined and negative relations with the amotivation, ranging from - ,21 to ,74. In addition, acceptable internal consistency values (Ω > .70) were obtained and an invariance analysis taking into account the minimum modifications obtained in ∆CFI was conducted. Besides, the discriminant validity of the factors was satisfactory. Therefore, this research provides a new instrument that allows examining the types of motivational regulation that the adolescents have to participate in sport (AU)

Análisis de los perfiles motivacionales y su relación con los comportamientos adaptativos en las clases de educación física / Analysis of motivational profiles and their relationship with adaptive behaviours in physical education classes

Basado en la teoría de la autodeterminación, el objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los perfiles motivacionales de los estudiantes de educación física (EF) y valorar las posibles relaciones existentes con determinados comportamientos y actitudes hacia las clases de EF. La muestra del estudio estaba formada por 1.690 estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 16 años, pertenecientes a diferentes centros de enseñanza secundaria de la comunidad autónoma de Extremadura. Los resultados destacaron la existencia de 4 perfiles motivacionales: baja calidad, baja cantidad, alta cantidad y alta calidad. Además, el análisis de los datos indicó que los alumnos de sexo femenino, de menor edad y que practicaban actividad física extraescolar presentaban perfiles más autodeterminados que el resto. Por último, se comprobó que a medida que los perfiles motivacionales son más autodeterminados se producen consecuencias más adaptativas, como la importancia concedida a la EF, el disfrute y el desarrollo de comportamientos positivos, ocurriendo a la inversa en el caso del aburrimiento. Como conclusión, el estudio destaca la importancia que adquieren los procesos motivacionales desarrollados por los alumnos para explicar la aparición de determinadas consecuencias durante las clases de EF.

Based on the Self-Determination Theory, this study sought to analyse motivational profiles of Physical Education (PE) students, as well as to assess the relationship with several behaviours and attitudes toward PE classes. The sample consisted of 1,690 pupils aged 12 to 16, from different secondary schools of the Region of Extremadura. The results highlight the existence of four motivational profiles: Low Quality, Low Quantity, High Quantity, and High Quality. Moreover, data analysis showed that younger female individuals who practiced extracurricular physical activity had more self-determined profiles than the rest of participants. Lastly, it was demonstrated that the more self-determined motivational profiles are produced as a result of being more adaptive, such as to the importance of PE, enjoyment, and development of positive behaviours. Contrarily, boredom has an inverse process. As a conclusion, the study emphasised the importance of the motivational processes developed by pupils to explain several outcomes during PE classes.

Análisis de los perfiles motivacionales en practicantes de danza: Diferencias en función de la modalidad / Analysis of motivational profiles in dancers: differences regarding modality / Análise dos perfis motivacionais em praticantes de dança: diferenças em função da modalidade

El propósito del presente estudio fue examinar los grupos de practicantes de danza que se establecen a partir del análisis de los perfiles motivacionales, analizando las diferencias existentes entre ellos según la modalidad practicada. Para ello, se contó con 332 participantes de danza clásica, contemporánea y española, de diferentes centros españoles. Se midió la percepción del clima generado por el profesor y por los compañeros, el nivel de autodeterminación y el flow disposicional. Los resultados muestran la existencia de cuatro perfiles motivacionales, dos más adaptativos, con un elevado índice de autodeterminación y flow disposicional y dos menos adaptativos, uno que presenta mayor percepción de clima ego y otro que muestra bajas puntuaciones en todas las variables contempladas. Además, los datos señalan que los perfiles más adaptativos corresponden a los practicantes de danza clásica y española mientras que el perfil más desadaptativo pertenece a los de danza contemporánea. Como conclusión, se destaca la necesidad de hacer un tratamiento diferente en función de los grupos de participantes que se han creado, pues los datos de este estudio ofrecen posibles explicaciones de su comportamiento y de los posibles antecedentes sociales y personales

The aim of this study was to examine the creation of groups of dancers through an analysis of their motivational profiles, by analyzing the differences between these profiles according to the modality practiced. To achieve this purpose, we used a sample size of 322 participants of classical, contemporary and Spanish dance from different Spanish schools. The perception of the climate generated by teacher and peers, degree of selfdetermination, and dispositional flow were measured. The results show the existence of four motivational profiles in dancers, two of which were more adaptive: a high self-determination index and dispositional flow; and two which were less adaptive: one which reveals a greater perception of ego climate and the profile that has low scores in all variables. Moreover, data analysis demonstrated that the most adaptive profiles were related to classical and Spanish dancers, whereas the most maladaptive profile belonged to contemporary dancers. To conclude, we emphasize the need for a different treatment depending on the groups of dancers created, because the data in this study offer possible explanations of their behavior and possible social and personal background

O objetivo do presente estudo foi examinar os grupos de praticantes de dança estabelecidos a partir da análise de perfis motivacionais,analisando as diferenças existentes de acordo com a modalidade praticada. Para tal, contou-se com 332 participantes dança clássica, contemporânea eespanhola, de diferentes centros de dança espanhóis. Foram medidas a percepção do clima gerado pelo professor e colegas, o nível de auto-determinaçãoe o flow disposicional. Os resultados revelam a existência de quatro perfis motivacionais, dois mais adaptativos, com um elevado índice de auto-determinação e flowdispositional e dois menos adaptativos, um que apresenta maior percepção de clima orientado para o ego e um que mostra baixaspontuações em todas as variáveis consideradas. Adicionalmente, os dados indicam que os perfis mais adaptativos correspondem aos praticantes de dançaclássica e espanhola, enquanto o perfil mais desadaptativo pertence aos da dança contemporânea. Em conclusão, destaca-se a necessidade de umtratamento diferenciado em função dos grupos de participantes que foram criados, uma vez que os resultados deste estudo fornecem possíveis explicaçõespara o seu comportamento e dos possíveis antecedentes sociais e pessoais

Percepción de la conducta de los padres en los comportamientos antisociales mostrados por los jóvenes participantes de deportes colectivos / Perception of Parents' Conducts on Antisocial Behaviors Shown by Team Sports Youth Athletes

El principal objetivo del estudio fue conocer las relaciones entre padres e hijos en la percepción de intención, actuación y juicio de los posibles comportamientos antisociales en el contexto deportivo, valorando en una misma acción deportiva, la moralidad mostrada por ambos significativos y considerando el clima fomentado por los padres en los deportistas para la aparición o no de estas conductas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 1.420 participantes, 710 deportistas, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 16 años (M = 12.76; DE = 1.15) y 710 padres, con edades comprendidas entre los 36 y 49 años (M = 43.56; DE = 2.95), de varios deportes colectivos: fútbol, baloncesto, balonmano y voleibol. Deportistas y padres diligenciaron cuestionarios destinados a valorar la percepción de los jugadores y padres sobre comportamientos antisociales y la percepción del clima motivacional que los padres transmiten a los deportistas. Los resultados muestran una relación significativa entre las variables antisociales en padres e hijos. Asimismo, la presión de los padres emerge como predictor de la intención y actuación de comportamientos antisociales. Finalmente, se indica que una participación adecuada de los padres en la práctica deportiva, supondrá el descenso de comportamientos antisociales por parte de los deportistas.

The main aim of the study was to know the relationships between parents and children with regard to perception of intention, performance and judgment of antisocial behaviors in the sport context, assessing in the same sport action, the morality shown by both significatives. The sample comprised 1420 participants, 710 athletes, ranging in age from 11 to 16 years old (M = 12.76; SD = 1.15), and 710 parents, ranging in age from 36 to 49 years old (M = 43.56; SD = 2.95). Athletes and parents completed questionnaires related to measure perception of players and parents' about antisocial behaviors, as well as perception of motivational climate developed by parents. Results showed a significant relationship among antisocial variables in parents and children. Moreover, parents' pressure emerged as predictor of intention and performance of antisocial behaviors. Finally, it is emphasized that appropriate parental participation in sport practice can promote the decrease of antisocial behaviors in athletes.

El liderazgo y el clima motivacional del entrenador como antecedentes de la cohesión y el rol percibido en futbolistas semiprofesionales / Coach leadership and motivational climates as antecedents of cohesion and perceived roles in semi-professional football players

El principal objetivo del estudio es aplicar un modelo teórico para explicar cómo el tipo de liderazgo ejercido por los entrenadores puede influir en el clima motivacional, y cómo estos factores contextuales pueden determinar la cohesión grupal y la insatisfacción con el rol de los jugadores. Los participantes fueron 377 futbolistas que participaban en el grupo XIV de la Liga Nacional Española de Tercera División, los cuales rellenaron diferentes instrumentos para valorar el liderazgo, el clima motivacional, la cohesión y la insatisfacción con el rol. Los resultados señalan principalmente que los liderazgos que fomentan el refuerzo positivo presentan una predicción sobre el clima que implica a la tarea del entrenador y, en cambio, el liderazgo autocrático predice el clima que implica al ego. A su vez, el clima que implica a la tarea presenta una predicción positiva sobre la cohesión de equipo y el clima que implica al ego sobre la insatisfacción con el rol. La principal conclusión que se puede extraer del estudio es que los entrenadores deberán adoptar conductas de liderazgo positivo para fomentar un clima adecuado en el grupo y, de esta manera, aumentar la atracción e integración entre los componentes del equipo (AU)

The study’s main aim was to apply a theoretical model in order to explain how types of leadership exercised by coaches might influence motivational climates and how these contextual factors can determine group cohesion and dissatisfaction with players’ roles. the participants were 377 footballers who played in the 14th third-division group of the spanish national league. They filled in several instruments directed at assessing leadership, the motivational climate, cohesion and dissatisfaction with roles. The results mainly showed that leadership behaviours that foster positive feedback predict a task-involving motivational climate while autocratic leadership predicts an ego-involving one. in turn, a task-involving motivational climate predicts team cohesion, while an ego-involving climate predicts dissatisfaction with roles. The main conclusion is that coaches should adopt positive leadership behaviours in order to foster a suitable climate among group members and thus boost integration and positive interrelations (AU)

Desarrollo de un modelo de motivación para explicar el flow disposicional y la ansiedad en bailarines profesionales / Development of a Motivation Model to Explain Dispositional Flow and Anxiety in Professional Dancers

El propósito del presente estudio fue aplicar un modelo de motivación en bailarines profesionales, para conocer los procesos motivacionales que pueden facilitar o dificultar la aparición de consecuencias emocionales como el flow disposicional o la ansiedad. Participaron en la investigación 332 bailarines de diferentes conservatorios españoles (293 mujeres y 39 hombres), con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 45 años, que respondieron a diferentes cuestionarios. Los resultados del modelo revelaron que el clima tarea compañeros predecía la satisfacción de las tres necesidades psicológicas, mientras que el clima ego compañeros tan solo predijo la necesidad de competencia, siendo esta variable predictor positivo de la motivación intrínseca y negativo de la desmotivación. Por último, la motivación intrínseca se mostró como predictor positivo del flow disposicional y, en menor medida, de la ansiedad, mientras que la desmotivación predijo únicamente la ansiedad. Como conclusión se destaca que el modelo de motivación planteado se ajusta correctamente con una muestra de bailarines profesionales.

The aim of the current study was to apply a motivation model in professional dancers to know motivational processes that might help or make difficult the appearance of emotional consequences such as dispositional flow or anxiety. 332 dancers from different Spanish conservatories participated in the research (293 females and 39 males), ranging in age from 12 to 45 years old who filled several questionnaires. Mode's results showed that peer mastery climate predicted satisfaction of the three psychological needs and peer performance climate only predicted necessity of competence, being this variable a positive predictor of intrinsic motivation and a negative predictor of amotivation. Finally, intrinsic motivation was a dispositional flow predictor and, to a lesser extent, was an anxiety predictor, whereas amotivation only predicted anxiety. To conclude, we emphasize that motivation model was correctly adjusted for a professional dancers sample.

Análisis del grado de diversión e intención de persistencia en jóvenes deportistas desde la perspectiva de la teoría de la autodeterminación / Analysis of the enjoyment level and intention to persist in young athletes based on the self-determination theory

El presente estudio, a través de la perspectiva de la Teoría de la Autodeterminación, tiene por objetivo establecer las relaciones que existen entre los niveles de autodeterminación y de satisfacción con las necesidades psicológicas básicas respecto a la diversión y la intención de persistencia mostrada en la práctica de deportes de equipo. Participaron en el estudio 1007 jugadores de fútbol, baloncesto, balonmano y voleibol, tanto de género femenino como masculino y con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 16 años. Los resultados mostraron que las necesidades psicológicas básicas tenían una mayor relación y capacidad predictiva que el nivel de autodeterminación, sobre la diversión e intención de persistencia. Concretamente, la percepción de relaciones sociales y de competencia se mostraron como los principales predictores de estas dos variables. Como conclusión, se destaca la necesidad de fomentar la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas, especialmente las relaciones sociales y competencia, lo que llevaría consigo mayores sensaciones de diversión y una mayor intención de persistencia en la práctica deportiva (AU)

Through the Self-Determination Theory, this study aims to examine the relationship between self-determination levels and satisfaction with basic psychological needs with respect to enjoyment and the intention to persist shown in team sports. The sample comprised 1007 football, basketball, handball and volleyball players, both male and female, who ranged in age from 11 to 16 years old. The results showed that basic psychological needs had a greater relationship and prediction capacity of enjoyment and the intention to persist than the level of self-determination. Concretely, the perception of social relationships and competence were the strongest predictors of those two variables. To conclude, we highlight the need to promote satisfaction with basic psychological needs, mainly social relationships and competence, which would lead to stronger feelings of enjoyment and a firmer intention to continue playing sport (AU)

Análisis del clima motivacional como antecedente de la eficacia colectiva en futbolistas semiprofesionales / Analysis of motivational climate as the background to collective efficacy in semi-professional football players

El principal objetivo del estudio es examinar la relación del clima motivacional del entrenador y los compañeros con la eficacia colectiva. Para ello, se empleó una muestra de 377 futbolistas del Grupo XIV de Tercera División Española que rellenaron cuestionarios sobre el clima motivacional de los compañeros y del entrenador y la eficacia colectiva. Tras el análisis de los resultados, se comprueba cómo el clima motivacional que implica a la tarea de los compañeros y del entrenador se relacionan y predicen de forma positiva la eficacia colectiva. Como conclusión, destacar la importancia por parte del entrenador de establecer estrategias para fomentar un clima adecuado entre los jugadores durante los entrenamientos para aumentar la percepción de eficacia colectiva del grupo(AU)

The main aim of the study was to examine the relationships between the motivational climate created by coaches and peers regarding collective efficacy. To this end, we used a sample of 377 football players belonging to 20 teams in Group XIV of the Spanish Third Division, who completed questionnaires on peer motivational climate, coach motivational climate and collective efficacy. After analyzing the results, we showed that the mastery climate created by peers and coach had a significant and positive relationship to collective efficacy. This association was supported by a regression analysis that showed that the mastery climate was the strongest predictor of collective efficacy. To conclude, we emphasize the importance of promoting a mastery climate in training sessions by coaches and peers to improve collective efficacy(AU)

La inluencia del entorno próximo sobre la persistencia en la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva / Inluence of environment on persistence in the sport physical activity

El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer la importancia que adquieren los otros significativos, padres, entrenador y compañeros, sobre la persistencia o cese de la práctica deportiva en jóvenes estudiantes. La muestra está formada por 958 jóvenes participantes de deportes colectivos, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 16 años, pertenecientes a la Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura. Se emplearon instrumentos para valorar la implicación de los padres en la práctica deportiva, así como el clima motivacional de compañeros y entrenador. Los resultados nos muestran una capacidad predictiva de la implicación al club de los padres y el apoyo sobre la continuidad en el deporte, así como el clima de la tarea por el entrenador. Finalmente se discuten los resultados y se muestran limitaciones y prospectivas de futuro (AU)

The aim of this study is to know the importance of other significatives, parents, coaches and peers, on persistence or dropped out of the sporting practice in young students. he sample was formed by 958 young participants of team sports, ranging in age from 11 to 16 years old, belonged to the Region of Extremadura. We used diferent instruments to assess parents’ involvement in the sport practice, as well as peer and coaches motivational climate. Results showed a predictive capacity of parents` club involvement and support on persistence in sport, as well as coaches` mastery climate. Finally, results are discussed and show limitations and future prospective (AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo é de conhecer a importância que adquirem os outros significativos, país, treinadores e companheiros sobre a persistência o fim da pratica esportiva em jovens estudantes. A mostra esta formada por 958 jovens participantes de esportes coletivos, com idades compreendidas entre 11 e 16 anos, pertencentes da Comunidad Autónoma de Extremadura. Foram aplicados instrumentos para avaliar a implicaçãodos pais na prática esportiva, assim como no clima motivacional dos companheirose treinadores. Os resultados mostraram uma capacida de preditivada implicação do clube e dos pais e sobre a continuida de no esporte, assim como o clima da tarefa do treinador. Finalmente se discute os resultado se se mostram as limitações e perspectivas de futuro (U)

Interacción de la teoría de la autodeterminación en la fluidez disposicional en practicantes de danza / Relationships between self-determination theory regarding dispositional flow in dancers

El propósito del presente estudio es examinar las relaciones que se establecen entre las variables que componen la Teoría de Autodeterminación y la fluidez disposicional en practicantes de danza clásica y contemporánea. Para ello, utilizamos una muestra de 48 practicantes de danza clásica y 48 de danza contemporánea, pertenecientes a diferentes escuelas de danza españolas. Se utilizaron diferentes instrumentes para medir la motivación autodeterminada, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la fluidez disposicional. Los resultados señalan que los practicantes de danza con mayores niveles de autodeterminación y mayor satisfacción de sus necesidades de relación con los demás y de competencia, tienen una mayor disposición a experimentar este estado de rendimiento óptimo (AU)

The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between self-determination variables and dispositional flow in classical and contemporary dancers. Therefore, we use a sample of 48dancers from classical dance and 48 dancers from contemporary, belonging to different Spanish school of dances. We used different instruments to assess self-determined motivation, satisfaction of the psychological needs and Flow State. Results showed that dancers with higher self-determined motivation and greater satisfaction of their affiliation will have a higher disposition to experience Flow State (AU)

O propósito do presente estudo é de examinar as relações que são estabelecidas entre as variáveis que compõem a Teoria da Autodeterminação na fluidez disposicional em praticantes de dança clássica e contemporânea. Para isso, utilizamos uma amostra de 48 praticantes de dança clássica e 48 de dança contemporânea, pertencentes de diferentes escolas de dança espanhola.D. Amado, F.M. Leo, P.A. Sánchez, D. Sánchez y T. García Interacción de la teoría de autodeterminación…8 Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte, 2011, Vol 11, núm. 1, pp. 7-17Foram utilizados diferentes instrumentos para medir a motivação autodeterminada, a satisfação das necessidades psicológicas básicas e a fluidez disposicional. Os resultados indicam que os praticantes de dança com maior nível de autodeterminação e maior satisfação de suas necessidades de relacionamento com os demais, têm uma maior disposição em experimentar esse estado de rendimento ótimo (AU)

Interacción de la teoría de la autodeterminación en la fluidez disposicional en practicantes de danza / Relationships between self-determination theory regarding dispositional flow in dancers

El propósito del presente estudio es examinar las relaciones que se establecen entre las variables que componen la Teoría de Autodeterminación y la fluidez disposicional en practicantes de danza clásica y contemporánea. Para ello, utilizamos una muestra de 48 practicantes de danza clásica y 48 de danza contemporánea, pertenecientes a diferentes escuelas de danza españolas. Se utilizaron diferentes instrumentes para medir la motivación autodeterminada, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas y la fluidez disposicional. Los resultados señalan que los practicantes de danza con mayores niveles de autodeterminación y mayor satisfacción de sus necesidades de relación con los demás y de competencia, tienen una mayor disposición a experimentar este estado de rendimiento óptimo (AU)

The aim of the study is to examine the relationships between self-determination variables and dispositional flow in classical and contemporary dancers. Therefore, we use a sample of 48 dancers from classical dance and 48 dancers from contemporary, belonging to different Spanish school of dances. We used different instruments to assess self-determined motivation, satisfaction of the psychological needs and Flow State. Results showed that dancers with higher self-determined motivation and greater satisfaction of their affiliation will have a higher disposition to experience Flow State (AU)

O propósito do presente estudo é de examinar as relações que são estabelecidas entre as variáveis que compõem a Teoria da (..) (AU)